Goods and services that are used collectively and that no one can be excluded from using; public goods are not priced by markets; examples include national defense and clean air.

• A. Public Goods
• B. Bank
• C. Credit Card
• D. Assets

Answer: (A)

Public goods are goods and services that are used collectively and from which no one can be easily excluded. The defining features are non-excludability and non-rivalry: you can’t practically keep people from using them, and one person’s use doesn’t lessen another’s ability to use them. Because it’s hard to charge everyone who benefits, markets tend not to price these goods efficiently, so they’re often provided or funded by the government. National defense and clean air are classic examples because everyone benefits and one person’s use doesn’t reduce another’s.

The other options describe things typically bought and sold in markets and are excludable or rival in consumption, so they don’t fit the idea of a public good.