Policies designed to promote the hiring of individuals from groups that have historically faced job discrimination are called what?

• A. Collective bargaining
• B. Right-to-work law
• C. Fringe benefits
• D. Affirmative action

Answer: (D)

The idea being tested is about taking proactive steps to improve representation of groups that have faced job discrimination. This is affirmative action. It encompasses efforts like outreach to underrepresented communities, training opportunities, and sometimes giving favorable consideration in hiring to help offset past inequities and broaden access to employment. While merit remains important, affirmative action focuses on creating opportunities for those groups and increasing diversity in the workforce. The other terms refer to different concepts entirely: collective bargaining involves unions negotiating wages and working conditions; right-to-work laws concern whether workers must join a union to be employed; fringe benefits are extra compensation beyond wages.